Return to list

Cataracts
July 2001

We will all get cataracts if we live long enough. In fact, cataracts affect almost everyone by age 75, and 80% of people over the age of 60. Cataract surgery ranks as the most frequently performed surgical procedure in the U.S., with ophthalmologists performing 1.5 million cataract extractions each year. Fortunately, cataract surgery also represents one of the most successful surgeries in terms of a rapid recovery and improvement in quality of life. Answering the following commonly asked questions should help clear up various misconceptions about cataracts and help you make informed decisions about your healthcare.

Do cataracts develop as a film or growth in the eye?
No. Actually, cataracts are simply a clouding of the naturally clear lens of the eye that prevents light from passing through to focus properly on the retina. Cataracts represent a normal part of the aging process, although not all cataracts develop as a result of age. Other risk factors for cataract formation include diabetes, the use of certain medications such as steroids, eye injury and chronic sun exposure.

How can I tell if I have cataracts?
Some people notice a gradual painless dimming of vision, distortion, or "ghost" images in either eye. Others complain of sensitivity to bright lights or glare. Another common symptom is decreased night vision or trouble driving at night. Of course, the best way to determine if you have cataracts is to have an eye exam, particularly if you are noticing any of these symptoms.

Does having cataracts mean I need surgery?
While the only treatment for cataracts is surgery, the other option is to wait. Ophthalmologists advise many patients to defer surgery until the cataract becomes more cloudy. A new eyeglass prescription may be indicated. Ultimately, the decision for cataract surgery rests upon your level of vision symptoms such as blur or glare compared to your visual needs. In simpler terms, you should consider having surgery if cataracts make it hard for you to see well enough to do the things you enjoy.

Does cataract surgery ensure good vision?
Modern cataract surgery carries a 98% success rate, and most people notice a dramatic improvement in vision afterwards. Even with perfect surgery, however, some people may not notice improvement in vision because of pre-existing eye conditions such as macular degeneration or glaucoma. A thorough discussion with your doctor will help you determine your potential for visual improvement with cataract surgery.

Do surgeons use lasers to remove the cataract?
Contrary to popular myth, cataracts are not removed using lasers. Additionally, there are no drugs or exercises that will make cataracts disappear. Cataract surgery is an outpatient procedure in which the surgeon uses specialized ultrasound equipment to break up and remove the cataract through a small incision. A permanent artificial lens is implanted to replace the cataract lens. The patient receives local anesthesia to numb the eye and remains awake during the procedure.

Will I need glasses after cataract surgery?
Your surgeon will implant an artificial lens to replace the focusing power of the eye's natural lens. Because the power of this lens implant is customized to your eye, many people will find less dependence on glasses. In fact, some people need only reading glasses after surgery. Many patients, especially those with pre-existing astigmatism, will get a new prescription one month after the surgery.

Do cataracts ever return?
Once a cataract is removed, it can never grow back. However, part of the natural capsule or bag that holds the artificial lens in place becomes cloudy in about 30% of patients. Sometimes called an "after cataract," this opacity is more like a membrane. The surgeon can open a window in this cloudy capsule with a brief laser procedure in the office.

In summary, cataracts commonly develop as part of the aging process and cause symptoms of blurry vision, glare, and diminished night vision. The treatment is elective surgery. A solid working knowledge of cataracts and cataract surgery will make you a better advocate for yourself or a loved one as you consider vision, eye health, and quality of life.

Eye Health Services HOME